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Soviet urban planning ideologies of the 1920s
During the 1920s, Soviet urban planning ideologies established along two competing lines: the urbanist and disurbanist schools. Whilst the proposed form of the city differed between the two ideologies, their visions of social organization for communal living overlapped.
== Historical Context ==
In the decades before the formation of the Soviet Union, Tsarist Russia had experienced a rapid period of industrialisation and urbanisation, tripling in size between 1850 and 1914. At the 1917 October Revolution, the new State inherited overcrowded cities characterised by poor sanitation and disease, and class divide.
The 1917 revolution brought Marxist attitudes that rural life was backward and resulted in inequality.〔 Such ideals required the distinction between rural and urban be abolished so as to raise the population to a common standard of living. All land was nationalised and socialised, and on 20 August 1918 all urban property was transferred by decree to the State or local authorities.〔 Houses and apartments once belonging to the bourgeoisie were subdivided to provide accommodation for the proletariat, providing some initial relief to overcrowding.
The collapse of the old spatial order required that new planning approaches to the city be created.〔 Whilst the economic and labour demands of World War I and the ongoing Civil War meant that the implementation of physical urban outcomes were prevented, a debate as to the desired form the socialist city was initiated.〔 The debate continued throughout the 1920s, with two broad opposing schools of thought emerging: the urbanists, and the disurbanists.〔
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